A piping installation is placed between two sections of pipe which allows a change of direction,usually 90 ° or 45 °.Most elbows are within short or long.The short radius elbows have a center to end distance equal to the nominal pipe size (NPS) in inches,while the long radius is 1.5 inches in the NPS.The short elbows are available universally,long elbows are available in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS plastic),polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for DWV,sewage and central vacuums,chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) and copper,used between the 1950s and 1960s in homes with copper drain.

Plumbing fittings are used in piping systems and piping to connect the straight pipe or tube sections,to adapt to different sizes or shapes,and to regulate fluid flow.Plumbing fixtures,especially rare types can be costly and require time,materials and tools for installation,so it is a non-trivial part of piping and plumbing systems. Valves are technically fittings,but are usually treated separately.

Organisms that create fittings and tubing,use the same raw material to connect the pipes,for example:

1.Copper.
Two.Steel.
Three.Brass.
April.Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
May.Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC).

However,can be used any material which is allowed by the code,but must be compatible with other materials in the system ,the fluids are transported,temperatures and pressures inside and outside the system.For example,bronze body accessories are common,but they work in annoyance of copper piping systems.Fire hazards,earthquakes and other factors also influence the assembly materials.